I came across this 
article that repeats some themes I tend to agree with.
It found that even though abduction, robbery, assault and homicide  statistics had not risen substantially over the past 50 years, parents  were more anxious not only about what could happen to their children but  also about how other parents perceived them. 
[...] 
Changes to family life in Australia, such as both parents working and  the need for care outside the home, were also a factor in the changing  attitudes, Professor Zubrick said. 
"These factors, and changes to daily activity and  routine, impart clear restrictions on where children can be left  unsupervised, who can supervise them, the rules for transferring duty of  care, and general tolerance for children having a 'freer range' of  independent mobility," Professor Zubrick said. 
The study recommended a number of strategies to combat  the problem, including empowering parents to be less fearful and  implementing transport systems that promote cycling and walking. 
The issue of the freedom given to children has attracted  recent controversy after the publicity given to American mother Lenore  Skenazy, who has started a movement called Free Range Kids. 
Ms Skenazy was branded "America's worst mom" after making  a controversial decision in 2008 to drop her nine-year-old son in  downtown  Manhattan to take the subway home alone.
Mostly anecdotal stuff, but I like that attitude.  I suspect "fear of what other parents will think" is a more important factor than actual concern for the child - which leads to overemphasis on risks that jump to the attention (stuff you see on TV - kidnappings, car accidents), and less to subtle, less visible things like being able to figure things out on your own and navigate an uncertain environment.